ABSTRACT

M. N. Roy personified India’s revolutionary history. Because he was a fourteen-year-old lad, Roy joined the uprising against the school principal’s directive. M.N. Roy was initially sceptical of Gandhi, but Jatinder Nath Das persuaded him otherwise. Later, he met Anushilan Smithi, who was instrumental in his rise to prominence on a global scale. He was introduced to Marx under the impression that the philosopher possessed superior methods for improving the lot of the poor. He spoke out strongly against Gandhi and the INC, arguing that their idea was unproven. When Roy proposed that the Congress Party offer support to the British government in its fight against Hitler, the Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee expelled him from the party in 1939. When Roy disagreed with Lenin’s 21-Point Programme, he was kicked out of the International Communist Movement. As a result, he came to appreciate Gandhiji’s nonviolent strategies and the Charkha Movement. The purpose of this research is to understand why Roy initially supported Gandhi but then became an outspoken opponent of him after learning about Marxism. After that, he started making Marxist criticisms and got back on the Gandhian ship. What led Roy away from Marxism and into the arms of radical humanism and, ultimately, politics, is also covered here. To fully grasp his evolution is critical, since he used these principles as a measuring stick in his fight to improve the lives of the underprivileged. The purpose of bringing this document here is, presumably, to have it read. Academics, thinkers, and researchers can all improve their work by adopting Roy’s philosophical outlook. The study presented in this paper adopts a radical-humanist perspective in its pursuit of a long-term answer to the world’s most pressing problems.

Keywords: Gandhian Philosophy; M.N. Roy, Marxism; Political Radicalism; Humanism; Political Philosophy; Indian Independence Movement.