Abstract

The manufacturing sector relies heavily on machining techniques since they provide the foundation for forming materials into the necessary shapes. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the state of the art in several critical areas of machining, including tool wear, lubrication, surface integrity, cutting geometry, and cutting tools.The significance of cutting tools and their geometric attributes in attaining effective material removal and superior surface polish is examined. This paper examines surface integrity in depth, taking into account residual stresses, microstructure modifications, and surface roughness. Surface integrity is a vital aspect in assuring component performance and lifetime.In addition, the study explores the intricacies of tool wear mechanisms, offering insights into wear patterns, mechanisms, and their effects on machining operations. There includes discussion of lubrication techniques and how they affect heat generation, friction reduction, and tool life.This review provides a thorough understanding of the current state of knowledge in these important domains, which has implications for improving manufacturing technologies and machining process optimisation. It is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of machining.