Abstract

This study investigates the influence of natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities on the quality of drinking water in the Kariangote River basin, of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. A total of 62 groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon season and analysed for various physico-chemical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, total hardness, and alkalinity. The analysis revealed significant spatial variations in these properties within the study area. The findings indicate that the quality of groundwater is adversely affected in coastal, estuarine, and tidal zones due to seawater intrusion. The seawater intrusion was observed to extend approximately 20 km inland along the major river stretch. The presence of seawater has led to an increase in salinity and altered the overall chemical composition of the groundwater in these areas. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies to ensure access to safe drinking water for the communities residing in the Kariangote River basin.

Key words: groundwater quality, Kariangote River basin, coastal zone, physico-chemical properties, salinity